Myanmar is situated in Southeast Asia and is bordered on the north and northeast by China, on the east and southeast by Laos and Thailand, on the south by the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal and on the west by Bangladesh and India.
It is located between latitudes 09 32 N and 28 31 N and longitudes 92 10 E and 101 11 E.
Geography
The country covers an area of 677,000 square kilometres (261,228 square miles) ranging 936 kilometres (581 miles) from east to west and 2,051 kilometres (1,275 miles) from north to south, It is a land of hills and valleys and is rimmed in the north, east and west by mountain ranges forming a giant horseshoe.
It is located between latitudes 09 32 N and 28 31 N and longitudes 92 10 E and 101 11 E.
Geography
The country covers an area of 677,000 square kilometres (261,228 square miles) ranging 936 kilometres (581 miles) from east to west and 2,051 kilometres (1,275 miles) from north to south, It is a land of hills and valleys and is rimmed in the north, east and west by mountain ranges forming a giant horseshoe.
Enclosed within the mountaion barriers are the flat lands of Ayeyarwaddy, Chindwin and Sittaung River valleys where most of the country's agricultural land and population are concentrated.
The length of contiguous frontier is 6,159 kilometres. The total length of Myanmar-Bangladesh boundary is 271 kilometres (168.7 miles). The total length of Myanmar-China boundary is 2,204 kilometres (1,370 miles); Myanmar-Thailand 2,107 kilometres (1,309.8 miles); Myanmar-India 1,338 kilometres (831.8 miles); and Myanmar-Laos 238 kilometres (147.9 miles).
Climate
As a whole, the location and topography of the country generated a diversity of climate conditions. Seasonal changes in the monsoon wind directions create summer, rainy and winter seasons. Extremes of temperature are rare. The directions of winds and depression bring rain, and although it is always heavy in the coastal areas during monsoon season, it seldom creates hardships. The Government is giving priority to the forest conservation and greening of nine arid districts in central Myanmar.
Population
The Union of Myanmar is made up of 135 national races, of which the main national races are Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Bamar, Mon, Rakhine and Shan. Population of the country is estimated at 55.40 million (2005-2006 Provisional) and the population growth rate is 2.02 percent.
Natural Resources
Myanmar has rich natural resources. Petroleum, Timber, Tin, Antimony, Zinc, Copper, Tungsten, Lead, Coal, Some Marble, Limestone, Precious Stones, Natural Gas, Hydropower are abundant in Myanmar.
Agriculture products
Rice, Pulses, Beans & Peas, Oilseeds, Fruits and Vegetables, Sugarcane, Soft wood, Hard wood, Fish and Fish products are produced in Myanmar.
Industries
Agricultural processing, Knit and Woven apparel, Wood and wood products, Manufacturing, Construction materials, Pharmanceuticals, Fertilizer, Cement industries are being operated.
Export Commodities
Agricultural produce, Wood products, Gas, Minerals, Marine products, Clothing and all exportable commodities are exported.
Import Commodities
Crude oil, Petroleum products, Machinery, Transport equipment, Construction materials, Fabric, Raw material for plastics are imported.
Investment Opportunities
Agriculture
Myanmar is basically an agricultural country. The agricultural sector constitutes 41 per cent of the total GDP and 11 per cent of foreign exchange earnings. The vast potential of land resources are available with different weather and various soil conditions by the combination of technology can enhance the production of cash crops and industrial crops. Various types of cash crops and industrial crops are able to cultivate in Myanmar , such as rice, pulses and beans, maize, sesame, rubber, coffee, tea, sugar cane, jute, wheat, cotton, pepper, oil palm, various kinds of herbs, variety of fruits and vegetables, etc.
The investor, who wish to cultivate the perennial crops such as oil palm, rubber, is allowed to use up to 50,000 acres of uncultivated land by the land regulation.
The existing supply of those crops cannot meet the present position of demand and there is, therefore, high yield cultivation and value-added manufacturing of these cash crops and industrial crops with the investment of capital and high technology are the areas of the potential business in Myanmar.
The Government is also encouraging the development of agro-based industries by setting up of sugar mill, cotton industry, jute industry, rubber industry, seed industry, edible oil industry, food processing and animal feed plant.
Businesses other than agricultural production, such as agro-based industries by producing value-added agricultural products and processed food are also welcome. The establishment of recreation centers and resorts, golf clubs, motels around the several dams with beautiful landscape are also potential areas.
Livestock and Fisheries
Second prospective sector is livestock and fisheries sector. Myanmar is endowed with rich and varied marine and inland fisheries resources, with a production potentials of 1.05 million metric tons per annum from marine source only. Inland water bodies such as natural lakes, reservoirs, river systems, ponds, etc. cover an area of about 8.2 million hectares.
Under this sector, the significant nature is almost all of the production, processing and marketing of fishery/fishery related activities are carried out by the private sector. All state owned fishing vessels, carried vessels, ice plants, processing plants, cold stores, fishmeal plants dehydration plants, etc. are sold or leased to private sector.
There is no state owned institution competing with the private sector in fishery and fishery related industry.
Myanmar has a long coastline with 2,832 kilometers, which provides a very good base for the development of shrimp and prawn culture. In order to cope with the increasing fishing activities in Myanmar , various laws such as Law Relating to the Fishing Rights of Foreign Fishing Vessels, Myanma Aquaculture Law, Myanma Marine Fisheries Law and Freshwater Fisheries Law have been enacted and procedures have been prescribed.
The foreign investors can undertakes economic activities in the livestock and fishery sector are, cattle breeding, veterinary pharmaceutical production, construction of ice plant, cold storage complex, fish meal plant, canning plant, dockyard and fishing port and fishnet making factory, development if shrimp hatchery, establishment of shrimp farm, bee keeping and bee products production.
Forestry
The third potential is forestry sector. Myanmar , since the immemorial time, has always been deeply committed to forest and biodiversity conversation and, as a consequence still possessed vast and varied natural forest rich in biodiversity.
The forest flora is diverse, varying from sub-alpines on the snow-capped mountains in the north, through dry and moist deciduous to tropical monsoon forests in the south with mangrove along the coastal areas and coral reefs offshore.
Myanmar is also home of teak which is recognized as one of the most valued and sought-after tropical timber of the world and it is asserted that extensive and beautiful natural teak stands can be seen only in Myanmar today.
There are more than 7,000 recorded plant species of which 1,071 are endemic, about 100 species of bamboos, 30 species of rattan and species of orchids. The diverse forest ecosystems in Myanmar are home to about 1,000 bird species nearly 300 mammal species and about 360 known species of reptiles.
Myanmar is, therefore, often cited as the last frontier of global biodiversity in Asia.
Production of value-added wood based items such as wood related products, wood carvings, parquet, tiles, plywood, doorframes and furniture are prosperous business under the forestry sector.
Mining
Myanmar ranks high among the Asian countries in terms of mineral potentials. However, the mineral resources are very mush under-utilized and still exist a larger potential to boost up to fulfill the growing needs of local and foreign markets.
The investment can be made either production sharing or profit sharing to encourage the foreign investors. To enhance the investment, the Myanmar Mines Law and the Myanmar Mines Rules were promulgated in 1994 and 1996 respectively.
With the intention of producing dimension stones for use in construction and decoration works, systematic geological survey and prospecting has shown an abundant occurrences of granite and marble deposits in Myanmar with various colors and patterns.
Jewelry manufacturing and Jade carving is the one of the areas of prospects with new discovery if large stone-tract which needs the new technology gem cutting, polishing and manufacturing.
Energy
Oil and gas exploration under the energy sector is contributed highest in the foreign investment of Myanmar . Myanmar has very high potential in the development of oil and gas and hydro- energy sector. New discovery of offshore gas fields developed by foreign investors are operating under the production sharing contracts. There is, therefore, a lot of potential can be seen in the establishment of downstream and related industries in this particular sector.
Currency
Pyar, Kyat ( 1 Kyat = 100 Pyars)
Fiscal year
1 April - 31 March
International Organization Participation
Myanmar is a member of many international organization: APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, FAO, G-77,IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, opcw (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO.
Administrative Divisions
There are 7 divisions and 7 states in Myanmar.
Division : Ayeyarwaddy, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Tanintharyi, Yangon.
States : Kachin, Kayar, Kayin, Chin, Mon, Rakhaine, Shan.
Ethnic groups
There are 135 ethnic groups in Myanmar.
Religions
The main religions of the country are Buddhism (89.2 %), Christianity(5.0%), Islam(3.8%), Hinduism(0.5%), Spiritualism(1.2%) and others(0.2%).
Languages
Official Language is Burmese. Minority ethnic groups have their own languages.
For more information: http://www.myanmar.com
